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Cuneiform clay tablets (3), circa 2400-2100 BCE

 File — Box: 1

Scope and Contents

From the Collection:

The collection consists of three cuneiform clay tablets from the ancient sites of Drehem and Umma in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq), dating to about 2400-2100 BCE. The cuneiform script on the tablets relates to administrative and economic transactions, including the receipt for the delivery of oxen, sheep, and goats to a temple; a sales receipt for the killing of an ox; and records of the temple transactions. Two of the three tablets have been marked by the seller with the numbers one and four. Other materials include a letter from Edgar J. Banks addressed to Lena C. Van Bibber and dated June 2, 1939, which includes a description of each tablet and details of the sale; a letter from Lena C. Van Bibber dated June 16, 1939; and three index cards with descriptions of the clay tablets.

Dates

  • Creation: circa 2400-2100 BCE

Creator

Conditions Governing Access

There are no restrictions on access. This collection is open to the public.

Extent

From the Collection: .42 Linear Feet

Language of Materials

From the Collection: English

From the Collection: Sumerian

Physical Description

Edgar J. Banks’ descriptions of the clay tablets as found in the letter dated June 2, 1939. It is important to note that Banks alludes to the fact that these descriptions are not to be taken literally, but merely represent the most complete and accurate information he was able to provide. Cuneiform clay tablet no. 1 (about 1 ½ x 1 ½ x ½”): “Found at Drehem, a suburb of Nippur, where there was a receiving station for the temple of Bel. This is a receipt for the delivery of 10 fat oxen, 88 sheep and 12 large goats on the 21st day of the month. On one edge of the tablet is written ‘10 oxen, 100 sheep,’ the total number of the animals. Sheep and goats always figure as sheep in the total number. The two lines on the back or rounded side contain the date, which is during the early part of the Ur dynasty of kings, 2400-2100 B.C., or about 2350 B.C.”

Cuneiform clay tablet no. [2] (about 1 x 1 x ½”): “A black broken tablet from Drehem with a record of sale of 1 Ox, killed for market (?). It might be called a butcher’s bill. The broken side contains a date, about 2350 B.C.”

Cuneiform clay tablet no. 4 (about 1 ½ x 1 ½ x ¼”): “Found at Jokha, the ruin of the ancient Umma in Central Babylonia. A record of the temple transactions. After the tablet was written, and while the clay was still soft, the temple scribe rolled over the entire tablet his cylindrical stone seal, and the seal impression made it impossible to change the record. The seal impression bears the figure of a seated deity and of a standing priest. It is dated on the back about 2300 B.C.”

Repository Details

Part of the Towson University Special Collections and University Archives Repository

Contact:
Albert S. Cook Library
8000 York Rd
Towson MD 21252 United States